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時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)(十一篇)

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時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

【第1篇 2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷年高考英語(yǔ)測(cè)試的重中之重,一般占1—2道題。命題思路有三:一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),考生能依據(jù)所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇;二是給出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),但所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性,考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇,需要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境判斷;三是沒(méi)有任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),需要借助于上下文語(yǔ)境,才能作出正確判斷。 考生應(yīng)熟知常用時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。高考題往往不會(huì)涉及單一的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),而是更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和呼應(yīng)及與語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合使用。所以解題時(shí)一定要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,弄清時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系,可根據(jù)不同情況采取“找標(biāo)法”(尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞)、“呼應(yīng)法”(主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng))、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“語(yǔ)境法”等解題技巧。 一?識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞 如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),則往往可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)? [例]①more than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year. a. sent b. were sentc. had sentd. had been sent [解析] 此題有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞last year,提示我們應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí);句中的主語(yǔ)students是被送的對(duì)象,應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?答案為b? 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般都有其相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們熟記下列8種常用時(shí)態(tài)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)? (1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等? (2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/ne_t few months等? (3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等? (4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):then, at that time, at this time yesterday等? (5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一段時(shí)間, since + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間等? (6)過(guò)去完成時(shí):before, by the end of last month/years…等? (8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):the following month, the ne_t week等? [命題角度及對(duì)策]高考測(cè)試動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)須與句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一致時(shí),常在題干中加入具體情景,以測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力?敏銳捕捉時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,并結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境,選擇出正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),是解決此類問(wèn)題的良策? 二?主從時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng) 如果所給題干是主從復(fù)合句,可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出正確的時(shí)態(tài)? 命題角度及對(duì)策]近年來(lái)高考考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí),常放在真實(shí)的并且符合實(shí)際的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行考查?在根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時(shí),要把握好以下幾點(diǎn): (1)在時(shí)間?條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)? (2)正確認(rèn)定主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語(yǔ)境? (3)解答賓語(yǔ)從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài);主句動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))? 三?仔細(xì)體會(huì)語(yǔ)境 近年來(lái)高考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查的要求越來(lái)越高,大部分試題趨向情境化?實(shí)際化?因此,仔細(xì)體會(huì)所給語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)是考生需要重點(diǎn)解決的問(wèn)題? 例:—do you think we should accept that offer? —yes,we should,for we______ such bad luck up till now,and time______ out. a. have had;is running b. had;is running c. have;has been run d. have had;has been run 答案解析 a。由時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞up till now知道,動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);而根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知時(shí)間快要耗光了,所以第二空要用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。 —can you tell me the timetable of the__________school bus? —well, the bus__________here for the __________campus at 7:00 a.m.. a.will leave b.left c.is leaving d.leaves 答案解析 d??疾闀r(shí)態(tài),“校班車的時(shí)間表”是規(guī)定好的事情,表示一般性動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 精選試題 模擬題及其答案 1. — what’s that terrible noise ? — the neighbors _____ for a party. a. have prepared b. are preparing c. prepare d. will prepare 2. now that she is out of a job, lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. a. had considered b. has been considering 3. the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _____ by 2023. 4. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly. a. is changing b. has changed c. will have changed d. will change 5. i _____ ping –pong quite well, but i haven’t had time to play since the new year. a. played b. will play c. have played d. play 6. visitors ______ not to touch the e_hibits. a. will request b. request c. are requesting d. are requested 7. john and i _____ friends for eight years. we first got to know each other at a christmas party. but we _____ each other a couple of times before that. a. had been; have seen b. have been; have seen c. had been; had seen d. have been; had seen 8. this is ted’s photo. we miss him a lot. he ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake. a. killed b. is killed c. was killed d. was killing 9. — how are the team playing ? — they are playing well, but one of them _____ hurt. a. got b. gets c. are d. were 10. — you haven’t said a word about my new coua, brenda. do you like it ? — i’m sorry, i _____ anything about it sooner. i certainly think it’s pretty on you. a. wasn’t saying b. don’t say c. won’t say d. didn’t say 11. i wonder why jenny ____ us recently. we should have heard from her by now. a. hasn’t written b. doesn’t write c. won’t write d. hadn’t written 12. my uncle ______ until he was forty –five. a. married b. didn’t marry c. was not marrying d. would marry — i will go to see you when you _____ the training course. a. will have finished b. will finish c. are finishing d. finish 14. — how long _____ at this job ? — since 1990 a. were you cmployed b. have you been employed c. had you been employed d. will you be employed 15. with the rapid growth of population, the city _____ in all directions in the past five years. a. spreads b. has spread c. spread d. had spread a. has been broken b. breaks c. broke d. was broken a. has grown b. is growing c. grew d. had grown 18. why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? it will _____ fresh for several days. a. be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. have stayed 19. — sorry, joe, i didn’t mean to — don’t call me “joe”. i’m mr parker to you, and _____ you forget it ! a. do b. didn’t c. did d. don’t 20. at this time tomorrow _____ over the atlantic. a. we’re going to fly b. we’ll be flying c. we’ll fly d. we’re to fly 21. the news came as no surprise to me. i _____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know 22. i thought jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. a. doesn’t mention b. hadn’t mentioned c. didn’t mention d. hasn’t mentioned 23. no one in the department but tom and i _____ that the director is going to resign. a. knows b. know c. have known d. am to know 24. although he has lived with us for years, he ______ us much impression. a. hadn’t left b. didn’t leave c. doesn’t leave d. hasn’t left 25. how can you possibly miss the news ? it _____ on tv all day long. a. has been b. bad been c. was d. will be 26. — sorry to have interrupted you. please go on. — where was i ? — you _____ you didn’t like your father’s job. a. had said b. said c. were saying d. had been saying 27. i arrived late; i _____ the road to be so iey. a. wouldn’t e_pect b. haven’t e_pected c. hadn’t e_pected d. wasn’t e_pecting 28. i ______ while reading the english te_tbook. luckily, my roommate woke me up in time ! a. had fallen asleep b. have fallen asleep c. fell asleep d. fall asleep 29. let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decisions. a. will never reach b. have never reached c. never reach d. never reached 30. my mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so i’m afraid i _____ half of it. a. was missing b. had missed c. will miss d. missed 答案與解析 1、b 根據(jù)題意先排除d 項(xiàng),因?yàn)榛卮鸱揭f(shuō)明書(shū)現(xiàn)在的情況;a項(xiàng)have prepare說(shuō)明已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好,c項(xiàng)prepare是目前的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,b項(xiàng)瑞在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的示完性。因此b 項(xiàng)為答案。 2、b 句意:因?yàn)閘ucy失業(yè)了,所以她在考慮重返校園,但她現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)決定。根據(jù)題意說(shuō)話者在說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的情況,因此排除了a、c、d三項(xiàng),b飛行員現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),表示現(xiàn)在的事,進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“考慮”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的“未完性”,所以是答案。 3、c 句意:北京市市長(zhǎng)說(shuō)所有北京奧林區(qū)克建筑將于2023年完成。此題考查英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài),很顯然本題應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),因此排除b、d根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by2023,應(yīng)選擇將來(lái)完成時(shí),因此選c。 4、a 題干中主句為selecting a mobile phone …is no easy task,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示了一種“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”,使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(…is no easy task);后面的狀態(tài)從句(because…)中則說(shuō)明原因?yàn)椤凹夹g(shù)更新變化迅速”,應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):(technology)is changing(so rapidly).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在此表示了一種“持續(xù)變化”的狀態(tài),體現(xiàn)了“變化、趨勢(shì)、發(fā)展和進(jìn)展” 5、d 題干后的分句(but…)為轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣,并在句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(i haven’t had time to play),表示自從new year以來(lái)一直沒(méi)有打過(guò)乒乓球,由此可以排除選項(xiàng)b(will play)、c(have played).由此推斷前一人句中所說(shuō)狀態(tài)為“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”,則空中應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)這一時(shí)間概念。 6、d 句意為:參觀者被要求不觸摸展品。所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式。 7、d第一空為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(for eight years);第二空:在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見(jiàn)過(guò),上是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,幫選d。 8、c 從上下文可知,ted已經(jīng)死了,屬于過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情, 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞kill來(lái)講,應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選c 9、a 由題中所設(shè)語(yǔ)境可知,一句隊(duì)員受傷應(yīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,故選a。 10、d從對(duì)話題干所設(shè)語(yǔ)境看,此處談?wù)摰氖沁^(guò)去所沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事(you haven’t said a word…)此對(duì)話中,brenda 為自己沒(méi)能對(duì)朋友所穿新衣早加贊賞向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢?sooner(=at an earlier time)作為附加狀語(yǔ)傳達(dá)了十分重要的時(shí)間信息。 此處仍應(yīng)使用表示過(guò)去行為的簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去時(shí),與后面句子中的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(i certainly think…)形成對(duì)照。其余選項(xiàng)所給時(shí)態(tài)…h(huán)asn’t written us recently。 11、a 前句中recently與事句中動(dòng)詞民用的語(yǔ)氣為重要提示:we should have heard from her by now.=we haven,t heard from her by now此處討論最近該發(fā)生而沒(méi)發(fā)生的事,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài):…h(huán)asn’t written us recently. 12、b marry是終止性動(dòng)詞,用在此not…until句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五歲才結(jié)婚。” 13、d when從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式表將來(lái)時(shí)間。 14、b答語(yǔ)中的since1990是關(guān)鍵信息。 15、b 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past five years與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有關(guān)。 16、d圖書(shū)館的安靜被打破,故須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);情景中找不出與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)間信息,故a是錯(cuò)誤的。 17、c grow與as從句里的wait發(fā)生。 題干前半句為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),提供了極為重要的時(shí)間線索:all morning as she waited…,表示了過(guò)去的一段延續(xù)時(shí)間,本空之中動(dòng)詞所表示的行為(her nervousness “grow”)與此同時(shí)進(jìn)行。此處仍應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 本題中與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相關(guān)的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)(a. has grown b is growing)很容易排除;d項(xiàng)(had grown)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),應(yīng)用于表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間之前的行為,與語(yǔ)境不符,也可排除。 18、b stay這晨是系動(dòng)詞的用法,不用被動(dòng)形式。 根據(jù)本題設(shè)空之后所執(zhí)著續(xù)的形容詞fresh判斷,選項(xiàng)所給動(dòng)詞stay為系動(dòng)詞(=to continue or remain in a place ,position or condition——collins new english dictionary), 因此,很容易排除a項(xiàng)(系動(dòng)詞不可能使用權(quán)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài));從句意看,說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh(why don’t you…?),然后闡明依據(jù)(the meat will…),應(yīng)該是stay 的一般形式,而不會(huì)是進(jìn)行式(c 項(xiàng)be staying)或完成式(d項(xiàng)have stayed)。 19、d注意mr parker 這里針對(duì)的是“sorry , joe”這件事,而不是“ i didn’t mean to…”那件事。而前者正是“此時(shí)此刻”發(fā)生的,故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意:你應(yīng)稱呼我帕克先生,你不是忘了吧!題干選材為大小對(duì)話形式,語(yǔ)境完整,前者向 joe道歉,后者(joe本人)拒不接受道歉,認(rèn)為稱呼自己為joe是:“套近乎”。提醒并警千對(duì)方,語(yǔ)氣非常嚴(yán)厲。 20、b at this time tomorrow 指明的是將來(lái)的某一具體時(shí)間,故用來(lái)將進(jìn)行時(shí)。 21、a 在the news came 之前我就已經(jīng)知道,故用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 22、c but連接的并列句,時(shí)態(tài)與thought一致。 23、a句子的主語(yǔ)是no one,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù)。 24、d although從句中的has lived是非常重要的時(shí)間住處說(shuō)話的人的意思是:雖然他與我們一起生活多年(從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在),但他沒(méi)有給我們留下多少印象。所以,這里使用c項(xiàng)是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹? 25、a根據(jù)can的形式(而不是could)可以判斷,這里并不是談?wù)摷兇獾倪^(guò)去或過(guò)去的過(guò)去,但顯然也不是將來(lái)時(shí)間。 26、c 語(yǔ)境中暗含著一個(gè)時(shí)間信息:當(dāng)我打斷你說(shuō)話的時(shí)候。 27、c arrive是關(guān)鍵信息:(我在出發(fā)之前)沒(méi)有預(yù)料到路會(huì)這么滑。這里談?wù)摰娘@然是過(guò)去(started)的過(guò)去(had e_pected). 28、c根據(jù)woke(wake 的過(guò)去式)可以判斷,這里談?wù)摰呐c“現(xiàn)在”無(wú)關(guān),因此可以排除b和d兩項(xiàng)。i是在讀書(shū)期間睡著的(while reading),而不是在之前睡著的,所以a項(xiàng)也是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹? 29、a 句意:請(qǐng)不要偏離話題,不然的話,我們就不會(huì)取勝得決定。祈使句與and 或or 連用是常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)法,又如:turn left and you will find the bookstore.向左轉(zhuǎn),你就會(huì)找到那個(gè)書(shū)店里。listen to me or you will never succeed.聽(tīng)我的話,否則,你不會(huì)成功的。同時(shí)在談到will do和be going to do 表示將來(lái)的區(qū)別時(shí),will表意愿和既時(shí)的將來(lái),而后者表示計(jì)劃的或有跡象的將來(lái)。例如: give him the big apple or he oil not allow us to go with him. —i was going to ,but my wife returned. 30、d 句意:(當(dāng)時(shí))我并沒(méi)有注意他說(shuō)的話,所以(現(xiàn)在)我覺(jué)得他講的話一半我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到。題干句中透圳出時(shí)間信息的三個(gè)地方:wasn’t ,was saying和i’m afraid是做出選擇的重要依據(jù)。

【第2篇 初中英語(yǔ)的八種時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容,廣大初中學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí),往往對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)總是倍感棘手,下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下這幾種時(shí)態(tài)。

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞

否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

一般疑問(wèn)句:①把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。

二、一般過(guò)去時(shí):

概念:過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞

否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

一般疑問(wèn)句:①was或were放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):now, at this time, these days, etc.

基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing

否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。

四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):

概念:表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。

基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing

否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

一般疑問(wèn)句:把was或were放于句首。

五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

概念:過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has + done

否定形式:have/has + not +d one.

一般疑問(wèn)句:have或has。

六、過(guò)去完成時(shí):

概念:以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

基本結(jié)構(gòu):had + done.

否定形式:had + not + done.

一般疑問(wèn)句:had放于句首。

七、一般將來(lái)時(shí):

概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow, ne_t day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

基本結(jié)構(gòu):①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

一般疑問(wèn)句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):

概念:立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):the ne_t day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

基本結(jié)構(gòu):①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.

否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.

一般疑問(wèn)句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。

Ⅱ. 幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換

英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換,以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式:

一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ),與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看:

A. He joined the League two years ago.

B. He has been in the League for two years.

C. It is two years since he joined the League.

D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.

二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看:

Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.

Peter is working, but Mike is playing.

三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來(lái),媽媽!”請(qǐng)看:

The train is leaving soon.

The train will leave soon.

四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換

“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事;將來(lái)時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí),常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中,所有人稱都可以用will。請(qǐng)看:

We are going to visit the Great Wall ne_t Sunday.

We shall visit the Great Wall ne_t Sunday

舉報(bào)

【第3篇 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法16種時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)知識(shí)中十分重要的環(huán)節(jié),希望以下文章對(duì)您有所幫助!

時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法范疇,它表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及動(dòng)作發(fā)生或存在的方式。動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間可分為現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)四種形式,動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式可分為一般、完成、進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行四種形式。將這時(shí)間形式和動(dòng)作方式結(jié)合起來(lái),就構(gòu)成了以下16種時(shí)態(tài)形式(以do為例):

一 般

完 成

進(jìn) 行

完 成 進(jìn) 行

現(xiàn) 在

現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)

do

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

have done

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

is doing

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

have been doing

過(guò) 去

過(guò)去一般時(shí)

did

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

had done

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

was doing

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

had been doing

將 來(lái)

將來(lái)一般時(shí)

will do

將來(lái)完成時(shí)

will have done

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

will be doing

將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

will have been doing

過(guò)去將來(lái)

過(guò)去將來(lái)一般時(shí)

would do

過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)

would have done

過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

would be doing

過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

would have been doing

1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (do/does; is/am/are)

①表示現(xiàn)在的情況、狀態(tài)和特征。

例:he is a student.

他是一個(gè)學(xué)生。

② 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

例:he always helps others.

他總是幫助別人。

③ 客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。

例:the earth moves the sun.

地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。

④ 表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(常用于列車、客車、飛機(jī)或輪船時(shí)刻表)

例:the ne_t train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開(kāi)車。⑤ 主將從現(xiàn):在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在表示將的來(lái)事情。

例:if it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.

如果明天下雨,我們會(huì)待在家里。

④現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞連用,表示說(shuō)話者或褒義或貶義的感情色彩。

例: he is always helping others.

他總是幫助別人。(褒義)

④過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和頻度副詞連用可以表示說(shuō)話者或褒義或貶義的感情色彩。

例:when he lived in country,he was always helping the poor.

住在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí),他總是幫助窮人。

4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)

①基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will do。

例:we will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.

我們將送給她一個(gè)玻璃的手工制品,作為給她的生日禮物。

②表示“打算…,要…”時(shí),可用 am/is/are going to do。

例:this is just what i am going to say.

這正是我想說(shuō)的。

③ 表示“即將、正要”時(shí),可用am/is/are about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。

例:don't worry, i am about to make a close e_amination on you.

別擔(dān)心,我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。

④'be to do'的2種用法:

a) 表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。

例:she is to be seen in the lab on monday.

星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見(jiàn)到她。

b) 該做或不該做的事情(語(yǔ)氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣。

例:you are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.

孩子們,你們必須 上床睡覺(jué),不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。

5. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing)

強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

例:don't worry, you won't miss her. she will be wearing a red t-shirt and a white skirt at that time.

別擔(dān)心,你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的t恤衫和一條白色的短裙。

8. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) (did; was/were)

①表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

例:i bought some fruits yesterday.

我昨天買了一些水果。

②表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

would/ used to do:過(guò)去常常......

例:the old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.

老人過(guò)去常常坐在寧?kù)o的公園里的一條長(zhǎng)椅上,看著其他的人,一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí),什么也不干,也不和任何人交談。

he used to visit his mother once a week.

他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。

9. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has done)

①表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。

例:i bought a new house, but i haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment i have two houses.

我買了一所新房子,但是還沒(méi)有賣掉舊的,所以現(xiàn)在我又兩所房子。②表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況,并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),或for加一段時(shí)間,或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。

例:great as newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. 雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物,但他的許多見(jiàn)解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn),并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正。

10. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/has been doing)

表示某一動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來(lái)。

例:we have been working on this project for over a month now.

到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目,已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。

11. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)

①表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說(shuō)的'過(guò)去的過(guò)去'。

until then, his family hadn't heard from him for si_ months. 到那時(shí)為止,他家里已經(jīng)有六個(gè)月沒(méi)得到他的消息了。

②表示從過(guò)去的過(guò)去開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或情況,并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

by the time i left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.

到我畢業(yè)時(shí),他已經(jīng)教那個(gè)班三年了.

12.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):had been doing

表示從過(guò)去的過(guò)去開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或情況,期間一直有規(guī)律的在進(jìn)行、不曾間斷,并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

例:the old clock had been being taken apart of and fi_ed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before i came back home.

我回到家之前,我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個(gè)舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。

表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)間,期間一直有規(guī)律在進(jìn)行、不曾間斷,并且有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。

例:they said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.

他們說(shuō)到第二個(gè)月底為止,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。

例:by the end of ne_t month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.

到下個(gè)月底為止,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。

【第4篇 新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié):時(shí)態(tài)的總結(jié)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

1 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

2 表示現(xiàn)階段正在做的事

3 表示將要做的事

結(jié)構(gòu):主 + am/is/are + doing

一般過(guò)去時(shí):過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + did

一般將來(lái)時(shí): 表示對(duì)將來(lái)的打算

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + will/shall + do

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + have/has done

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + was/were + doing

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主+ will/shall + be doing

過(guò)去完成時(shí): 表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)完成 (過(guò)去的過(guò)去,通常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)互為主從句)

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + had done

將來(lái)完成時(shí): 表示到未來(lái)某一時(shí)間將已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + will/shall + have done

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + have/has + been doing

將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):表示狀況將一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話人所提及的時(shí)間

結(jié)構(gòu):主 + will have + been doing

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去更早的某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行,并對(duì)過(guò)去產(chǎn)生影響。

結(jié)構(gòu):主 + had + been doing

【第5篇 高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

初高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

表示經(jīng)常性的,習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;目前的狀態(tài),特征;普遍真理;有時(shí)可表將來(lái)。

用法:

a)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。

b)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。

c)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

例:he always helps others.(他總是幫助別人。)

d)客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),則無(wú)法保持主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。

e)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,(僅限于某些表

示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng)、停、開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞)可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用。常見(jiàn)的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。

例:the ne_t train leaves at 3oclock this afternoon.

(下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開(kāi)車。)

how often does this shuttle busrun?(這班車多久一趟?)

f)在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))表示將來(lái)事情。

例:when you have finished there port, i will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候,我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。)

2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)

表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

用法:

a)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

b)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型,本身表示的就是過(guò)去時(shí)。

例:the old man would sit on abench in the quiet park and look at others forhours without doing anything ortalking to anybody.(老人過(guò)去常常坐在寧?kù)o的公園里的一條長(zhǎng)椅上,看著其他的人,一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí),什么也不干,也不和任何人交談。)

he used to visit his motheronce a week.(他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。)

c)有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語(yǔ)氣。

例:i wanted to ask you if icould borrow your car?(我想向您借車用一用,可以嗎?)

would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)

注意事項(xiàng):

a)注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組,如:yesterday,lastmonth, in 1999, two days ago等,絕對(duì)不可與recently, in thepast 10 years, this month等連用,因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

b) used to do的否定形式和疑問(wèn)形式很特別:你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例:used not to do,didnt used to do, didnt useto do都對(duì)。

used to do經(jīng)常與be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。前者表示'過(guò)去常?;蜻^(guò)去曾經(jīng)',要求加動(dòng)詞原形;后者表示'習(xí)慣于',要求加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)

表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

用法:

a)基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。

例:we shall send her a glasshand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我們將送給她一個(gè)玻璃的手工制品,作為給她的生日禮物。)

b)有些動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go,have,leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí),并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,可以表示將來(lái)時(shí)。

例:my mother is coming tovisit me ne_t week and is staying here until may.(我媽媽下周將來(lái)看我,并會(huì)呆到5月。)

c)表示“打算去……,要……”時(shí),可用be going to do。

例:this is just what i amgoing to say.(這正是我想說(shuō)的。)

d)表示“即將、正要”時(shí),可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。

例:dont worry, i am about tomake a close e_amination on you.(別擔(dān)心,我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。)

e) 'be to do'的5種用法:

a)表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。

例:she is to be seen in thelab on monday.(星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見(jiàn)到她。)

b)該做或不該做的事情(語(yǔ)氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣。

例:you are to go to bed andkeep quiet, kids. our guests are arriving in lessthan 5 minutes.(孩子們,你們必須上床睡覺(jué),不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。)

c)能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近c(diǎn)an, may)

例:how am i to pay such adebt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)

d)不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情,后來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情。

例:i assure you that thematter _______ as quickly as possible. have a littlepatience.

a. will be attended

b. will beattended to

c. is attended

d. is attendedto

will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是:attend表示“處理,解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,必須與to連用。另外,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決,所以應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案是b。

e)用于條件從句“如果……想,設(shè)想”(接近if……want to,或if……should)

例:greater efforts to increaseagricultural production must be made if foodshortage ____________ avoided.

a) is to be b) can be

c) willbe d) has been

答案是a) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必須作出更大努力來(lái)增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量?!?/p>

f)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例:the coach is on the pointof giving up the game because our team has beenscored 7 points.(教練想要放棄這場(chǎng)比賽了,因?yàn)閷?duì)方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7個(gè)球。)

例:

i was _______ the point oftelephoning him when his letter arrived.

a) in b) to

c) at d) on

答案是d)。on the point of doing是固定詞組,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“當(dāng)他的信到的時(shí)候我正要打電話給他?!?/p>

注意事項(xiàng):

在以if, when, as long as, assoon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, themoment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí),可用完成時(shí)。

例:i hope his health will haveimproved by the time you come back ne_t year.(我希望到明年你回來(lái)的時(shí)候,他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。)

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)

表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有時(shí)可表將來(lái)。

用法:現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)

表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的情況,或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)狀有影響的已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,情況。

用法:

a)表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。

例:i bought a new house, but i_________ my old one yet, so at the moment ihave two houses.

a) didnt sell b) sold

c)havent sold d) would sell

答案是c) havent sold。

b)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況,并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),或for加一段時(shí)間,或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。

例:great as newton was, manyof his ideas ___________ today and are beingmodified by the work of scientistsof our time.

a) are to challenge

b) may be challenged

c) havebeen challenged

d) arechallenging

全句的意思是:“雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物,但他的許多見(jiàn)解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn),并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物動(dòng)詞,在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);其動(dòng)作延續(xù)到今天,所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)??梢?jiàn)答案是c) have been challenged。a) are to challenge和d) are challenging都是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不可能是答案。b) may bechallenged雖然是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合,所以不對(duì)。

c)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, begin,find, give, lose等。

例:john has broken his leftleg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)

注意事項(xiàng):

a)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài),或受動(dòng)態(tài)的.影響,是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響;過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。

例:he worked in that hospitalfor 8 years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個(gè)過(guò)去的事實(shí),他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。)

he has worked in that hospitalfor 8 years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過(guò)去開(kāi)始工作,一直工作到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。)

b)因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的完成時(shí),有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn),所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。

例:my sister has been marriedfor 5 years.(過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài),可以延續(xù))

my sister has married. dontdisturb her.(終端動(dòng)詞)

c)在'this is the first/ second/ third……time that……'句型里要求用完成時(shí)。

例:this is the second timethat the products of our company have been shownin the internationale_hibition.(這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國(guó)際展覽會(huì)。)

d)句型'it is/ has been……since'所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。

例:it is/ has been 10 yearssince i last saw him.(從我上次見(jiàn)到他以來(lái)已經(jīng)10年了。)

e)在'no sooner than'、'hardly/ scarcely……when'、'before'、'prior to'等句型中,主句要求完成時(shí)。

例:i havent met thatprofessor prior to today.(以前我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)那位教授。)

6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)

表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或情況。

用法:

a)表示在過(guò)去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

例:mary was listening to lightmusic 10 minutes ago.(10分鐘前,瑪麗正在聽(tīng)輕音樂(lè)。)

b)如果when, while這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過(guò)去時(shí),則另一個(gè)句子常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

例:i was washing my hair whenyou knocked at the front door.(你敲前門時(shí)我正在洗頭發(fā)。)

注意事項(xiàng):其它與將來(lái)時(shí)有關(guān)的事項(xiàng)請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)下面所講的一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

7.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would/ should do)

表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事情;以及過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;還可用來(lái)表示“愿望”,“傾向”等。

用法:表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事。

例:i said on thursday i shouldsee my friend the ne_t day.(我星期四說(shuō)我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。)

注意事項(xiàng):由于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是由過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)組合而成的,所以其注意事項(xiàng)可以參考過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)

表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束.

用法:表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說(shuō)的:表示'過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)'。

until then, his family_________ from him for si_ months.

a) didnt hear

b) hasnt been hearing

c) hasnt heard

d) hadnt heard

全句的意思是:“到那時(shí)為止,他家里已經(jīng)有六個(gè)月沒(méi)得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻才完成,因此謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。答案是d)。其它選項(xiàng)中:a) didnt hear,因?yàn)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài),所以不能與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for si_ months連用。b) hasnt been hearing,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,與題意不符。c) hasnt heard,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。而題中的then只表示過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻,不能表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。

注意事項(xiàng):“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過(guò)上下文體現(xiàn)出來(lái),而不一定受某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的限制。

例:there had been someone inour room just now, because i noticed a burningcigarette end on the floor whenwe opened the front door.(剛才有人在我們的房間里,因?yàn)槲覀兇蜷_(kāi)前門進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。)

分析:雖然時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是just now,似乎應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),但是“在房間里”這個(gè)狀態(tài)是在'開(kāi)門'和'注意'這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前就存在的,所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing)

表示動(dòng)作或情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生一段時(shí)間,到目前仍在進(jìn)行,也可表示到現(xiàn)在為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。

用法:表示某一動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來(lái)。

例:we have been working onthis project for over a month now.(到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目,已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。)

注意事項(xiàng):與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào):在從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

例:

it seems oil ___________ fromthis pipe for some time. well have to takethe machine apart to put it right.

a) had leaked b) is leaking

c) leaked d) has been leaking

從本題上下文看,這兩個(gè)句子的意思是:“看來(lái),這個(gè)管道漏油已有一段時(shí)間了,我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障。”第二句表示將要采取的措施。第一句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第二句之前,并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此,空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。d) has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了b) is leaking。由于本句有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for some time,表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作延續(xù),謂語(yǔ)不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),必須用和完成時(shí)有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。有些考生誤選了c) leaked或a) had leaked。是因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有注意到本題第二句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),所以第一句的謂語(yǔ)不能用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

【第6篇 初中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

基本結(jié)構(gòu):①動(dòng)詞原形 ②主語(yǔ)三單:動(dòng)詞原形+s/es

三種常考基本用法:1、經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作

Eg. I always get up early.

2、客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理

Eg. The earth goes around the sun.

3、在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,一般現(xiàn)在表將來(lái)

If it doesn't rain, we will have a picnic.

常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, at weekends, once a week, twice a month, etc.

二、一般過(guò)去時(shí):

基本結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式

基本用法:

1、過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

Eg. I got up late yesterday.

2、過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作

Eg. When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.

常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month…), in 1986, just now, at the age of 10, at that time, once upon a time, etc.

三、一般將來(lái)時(shí):

基本結(jié)構(gòu):①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

基本用法:

am/is/are/going to + do

1、(人)計(jì)劃打算做某事

Eg. I'm going to go shopping with my mom tomorrow.

2、(事)即將發(fā)生

Eg. Look at the clouds, it's going to rain.

will/shall do

1、將來(lái)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)(相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn))

Eg. You'll have your own house in the future.

2、禮貌詢問(wèn)、客氣邀請(qǐng)

Eg. Will you go with me?

3、意愿

Eg. I will do it for you.

常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow, ne_t day (week, month, year…), soon, the day after tomorrow, in+時(shí)間段(格外注意),etc.

四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞

基本用法:1、此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

Eg. I am writing a letter now.

2、現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

Eg. I am reading a book these days.

常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):now, at this time, these days, etc.

五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):

基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞

基本用法:1、過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

Eg. He was playing computer games when his father came home.

2、過(guò)去某時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

Eg. He was doing his homework while his mother was cooking.

常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。

六、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):

基本結(jié)構(gòu):①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.

基本用法:從過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

Eg. He said that he would marry her.

常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):the ne_t day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.

七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has + 過(guò)去分詞

基本用法:

1、過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果

Eg. I have finished my homework.

2、過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

Eg. We have waited for her for 2 hours.

常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):recently, lately, so far, up to now, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段, in the past few years, etc.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是考試中的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn),同學(xué)們需要格外加強(qiáng)。特別注意瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化問(wèn)題,具體會(huì)在課程中詳細(xì)講解,在此不加以贅述。

八、過(guò)去完成時(shí):

基本結(jié)構(gòu):had + 過(guò)去分詞

基本用法:以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,即'過(guò)去的過(guò)去'。

Eg. Just before the English class, I suddenly realized that I had left my English te_tbook at home.

常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):before, after, by the end of last year(month…),etc.

【第7篇 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):“總經(jīng)常有每沒(méi)(美眉^^)復(fù)星周”

總:always, usually等

經(jīng)常:often

有:sometimes (記住,“有”不是have,而是“有時(shí)”)

每:every week/month/year 等

沒(méi):never

復(fù)星周:on mondays, on tuesdays等

2、一般過(guò)去時(shí):“昨天上個(gè)__(讀作叉叉)前,in加年份when字連”

昨天:yesterday, 后面可以加morning, afternoon,evening等

上個(gè):last,后面可以加week, month,year等

__前:ago,前面可以加three weeks/months/years ago

in加年份:in 2023/2023/1986/1220等,2023前全用一般過(guò)去時(shí),后年2023前就都是過(guò)去時(shí)了,2023,世界末日?電影看多了。

when字連:when i was a child等 when字后面都是過(guò)去時(shí),也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

3、一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)間標(biāo)志口訣:正好和一般過(guò)去時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng):“明天下個(gè)__后”

明天:tomorrow,后面可以加morning, afternoon,evening

下個(gè):ne_t,后面可以加week, month,year等

__后:after和in,后面可以加three weeks/months/years

這里要注意一下,after后加時(shí)間點(diǎn)才表示將來(lái),如after 3 o‘clock 。加時(shí)間段表示過(guò)去,如after 2 hours 表示過(guò)去。in后加時(shí)間段表將來(lái),如in two years。

4、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):“現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻看和聽(tīng),最近在哪請(qǐng)安靜。”

現(xiàn)在:now, at present, at the moment等

時(shí)刻:it’s ten o‘clock. i’m beating _iaoqiang.

看和聽(tīng):look! listen!后面一般都用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

最近:what are you doing recently/these days?

在哪:where is _iao z? _iao z is beating _iaoqiang.

請(qǐng)安靜:be quiet!/don‘t make any noise!/stop making noise! _iaoqiang is sleeping

【第8篇 初一英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)重點(diǎn)總結(jié)

時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)及其他

1.時(shí)態(tài)最關(guān)鍵的是找出句中表示時(shí)間的“標(biāo)志”,無(wú)論句子結(jié)構(gòu)多復(fù)雜。2.注意動(dòng)詞在各個(gè)環(huán)境下的應(yīng)用(如enjoy doingwant to dothink of doing等)

用下列所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空(找出做題的依據(jù))

例:1.i like eating dumplings. (依據(jù):like doing)

2.she is thinking about building a small house for her dog.

(依據(jù):about是介詞,動(dòng)詞在介詞后用doing形式)

1.—what about _________(have) fun in the sea?

—great! good idea!(依據(jù):_________)

2.it’s late! it is time for you _______(go) to bed.(依據(jù):______________)

3.it is 9:00. the students____________(have) class.(依據(jù):___________)

4.the cute girl often_______(take) a walk after dinner last year.

(依據(jù):____________________)

5.he always ________(watch) tv after school. (依據(jù):______________)

6.in the 1960s,china______(be) so poor(貧窮). (依據(jù):______________)

7.he never reads books or ______(do)homework. (依據(jù):_____________)

8.stop talking!my mother__________(read)a book. (依據(jù):___________)

9.i am thinking of ______(lie) on the bed. (依據(jù):______________)

10.—would you like________(eat) a bowl of noodles? (依據(jù):________)

—thanks,but i_______(eat)half an hour ago. (依據(jù):_______________)

11.the girl could______(play) basketball in the past. (依據(jù):__________)

12.that man with a hat over there_____(be)my english teacher.

13.there____(be) much money and flowers just a minute ago.

(依據(jù):___________________)

14. yesterday he helped the old woman ______(bring) the heavy bo_ to 8th floor. (依據(jù):_________________)

15.his hair______(be) blonde, but now it is black.

16.rice with noodles _______(be) main food(主食). (依據(jù):__________)

17._____(let) us play a game now! (依據(jù):______________)

18.the sun _______(rise(升起)) from east(東邊). (依據(jù):_____________)

19.every day the man_______(run) in the park before he died(死亡).

(依據(jù):___________________)

20.i remember she _______(look) like her mother when she was 5, but now she ______(be) 18.

21.it is great for me _______(have) lunch in kfc. (依據(jù):____________)

22.the man read a book and ________(see) a film.

(依據(jù):____________________________)

答案

1.having 2.to go 3.are having 4.took 5.watches 6.was 7.does 8.lying 9.is reading 10.to eat; ate 11.play 12.is 13.was 14.bring 15.was 16.is 17.let 18.rises 19.ran 20.looked; is

21.to have 22.saw

【第9篇 新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié):英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)

導(dǎo)語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)并不難啊。你還在為英語(yǔ)成績(jī)低拖后腿而煩惱嗎?不要著急,小編為大家提供了新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié):英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)。相信加入學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中的你,很快便不再受英語(yǔ)的困擾!還在等什么?和小編一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧!

1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

1) 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

2 )表示現(xiàn)階段正在做的事

3) 表示將要做的事

結(jié)構(gòu):主 + am/is/are + doing

2.一般過(guò)去時(shí):

過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + did

3.一般將來(lái)時(shí):

表示對(duì)將來(lái)的打算

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + will/shall + do

4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

示發(fā)生在過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + have/has done

5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):

表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + was/were + doing

6.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):

表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主+ will/shall + be doing

7.過(guò)去完成時(shí):

表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)完成 (過(guò)去的過(guò)去,通常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)互為主從句)

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + had done

8.將來(lái)完成時(shí):表示到未來(lái)某一時(shí)間將已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + will/shall + have done

9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + have/has + been doing

10.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):表示狀況將一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話人所提及的時(shí)間

結(jié)構(gòu):主 + will have + been doing

11.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去更早的某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行,并對(duì)過(guò)去產(chǎn)生影響。

結(jié)構(gòu):主 + had + been doing

【第10篇 初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納

為您整理的初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納,供大家參考:

時(shí)態(tài)(tense)是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此,當(dāng)我們說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候,指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。 a) 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。 b) 習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。 c) 經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 例:he always helps others. (他總是幫助別人。) d) 客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),則無(wú)法保持 主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。 e) 表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,(僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng) 、停、開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞 )可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用 。常見(jiàn)的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。 例:the ne_t train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. (下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開(kāi)車。) how often does this shuttle bus run? (這班車多久一趟?) f) 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))表示將來(lái)事 情。 例:when you have finished the report, i will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候,我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。)

2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)用法:現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)用法: a) 表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。 例:i bought a new house, but i _________ my old one yet, so at the moment i have two houses. a) didn't sell b) sold c) haven't sold d) would sell 答案是c) haven't sold。 b) 表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況,并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),或for 加一段時(shí)間,或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。 例:great as newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. a) are to challenge c) have been challenged b) may be challenged d) are challenging 全句的意思是:“雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物,但他的許多見(jiàn)解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn),并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正?!眂hallenge是及物動(dòng)詞,在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);其動(dòng)作延續(xù)到今天,所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)??梢?jiàn)答案是c) have been challenged。a) are to challenge和d) are challenging都是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不可能是答案。b) may be challenged雖然是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合,所以不對(duì)。 c) 表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。 例:john has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。) 注意事項(xiàng) a) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài),或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響,是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響;過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。 例:he worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個(gè)過(guò)去的事實(shí),他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。) he has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過(guò)去開(kāi)始工作,一直工作到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。) b) 因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的完成時(shí),有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn),所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。 例:my sister has been married for 5 years.(過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài),可以延續(xù)) my sister has married. don't disturb her.(終端動(dòng)詞) c) 在'this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……'句型里要求用完成時(shí)。 d) 句型'it is/ has been……since'所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。 例:it is/ has been 10 years since i last saw him.(從我上次見(jiàn)到他以來(lái)已經(jīng)10年了。) e) 在'no sooner than'、'hardly/ scarcely ……when'、'before'、'prior to'等句型中,主句要求完成時(shí)。 例:i haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)那位教授。)

4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing)用法:表示某一動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來(lái)。 例:we have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目,已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。) 注意事項(xiàng):與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào):在從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。 例:1997年6月四級(jí)第45 題 it seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. we'll have to take the machine apart to put it right. a) had leaked b) is leaking c) leaked d) has been leaking 從本題上下文看,這兩個(gè)句子的意思是:“看來(lái),這個(gè)管道漏油已有一段時(shí)間了,我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障?!钡诙浔硎緦⒁扇〉拇胧5谝痪鋭?dòng)作發(fā)生在第二句之前,并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此,空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。d) has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了b) is leaking。由于本句有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for some time,表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作延續(xù),謂語(yǔ)不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),必須用和完成時(shí)有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。有些考生誤選了c) leaked或a) had leaked。是因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有注意到本題第二句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),所以第一句的謂語(yǔ)不能用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

5. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法: a) 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。 b) 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型,本身表示的 就是過(guò)去時(shí)。 例:the old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人過(guò)去常常坐在寧?kù)o的公園里的一條長(zhǎng)椅上,看著其他的人,一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí),什么也不干,也不和任何人交談。) he used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。) c) 有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語(yǔ)氣。 例:i wanted to ask you if i could borrow your car?(我想向您借車用一用,可以嗎?) would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?) 注意事項(xiàng): a) 注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,絕對(duì)不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用,因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 b) used to do的否定形式和疑問(wèn)形式很特別:你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對(duì)。 used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。前者表示'過(guò)去常?;蜻^(guò)去曾經(jīng)',要求加動(dòng)詞原形;后者表示'習(xí)慣于',要求加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

6. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)用法:表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說(shuō)的:表示'過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)'。 until then, his family _________ from him for si_ months. a) didn't hear c) hasn't heard b) hasn't been hearing d) hadn't heard 全句的意思是:“到那時(shí)為止,他家里已經(jīng)有六個(gè)月沒(méi)得到他的消息了?!庇纱丝梢钥闯觯^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻才完成,因此謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。答案是d)。其它選項(xiàng)中:a) didn't hear,因?yàn)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài),所以不能與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for si_ months連用。b) hasn't been hearing,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,與題意不符。c) hasn't heard,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。而題中的then只表示過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻,不能表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。 注意事項(xiàng):“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過(guò)上下文體現(xiàn)出來(lái),而不一定受某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的限制。 例:there had been some one in our room just now, because i noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(剛才有人在我們的房間里,因?yàn)槲覀兇蜷_(kāi)前門進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。) 分析:雖然時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是just now,似乎應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),但是“在房間里”這個(gè)狀態(tài)是在'開(kāi)門'和'注意'這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前就存在的,所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

7. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would/ should do)用法:表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事。 例:i said on thursday i should see my friend the ne_t day.(我星期四說(shuō)我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。) 注意事項(xiàng):由于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是由過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)組合而成的,所以其注意事項(xiàng)可以參考過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

8. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)用法: a) 表示在過(guò)去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 例:mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分鐘前,瑪麗正在聽(tīng)輕音樂(lè)。) b) 如果when, while這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過(guò)去時(shí),則另一個(gè)句子常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 例:i was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前門時(shí)我正在洗頭發(fā)。) 注意事項(xiàng):其它與將來(lái)時(shí)有關(guān)的事項(xiàng)請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)下面所講的一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

9. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)用法: a) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。 例:we shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我們將送給她一個(gè)玻璃的手工制品,作為給她的生日禮物。) c) 表示“打算去……,要……”時(shí),可用be going to do。 例:this is just what i am going to say.(這正是我想說(shuō)的。) d) 表示“即將、正要”時(shí),可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。 例:don't worry, i am about to make a close e_amination on you.(別擔(dān)心,我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。) e) 'be to do'的5種用法: a) 表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。 例:she is to be seen in the lab on monday.(星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見(jiàn)到她。) b) 該做或不該做的事情(語(yǔ)氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣。 例:you are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們,你們必須 上床睡覺(jué),不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。) c) 能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近c(diǎn)an, may) 例:how am i to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?) d) 不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情,后來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情。 例:i assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. have a little patience. a. will be attended b. will be attended to c. is attended d. is attended to will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是:attend表示“處理,解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,必須與to連用。另外,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決,所以應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案是b。 e) 用于條件從句“如果……想,設(shè)想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should) 例:greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. a) is to be b) can be c) will be d) has been 答案是a) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必須作出更大努力來(lái)增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量?!? f) 同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。 例:the coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教練想要放棄這場(chǎng)比賽了,因?yàn)閷?duì)方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7個(gè)球。) 例:1999年6月四級(jí)第65題 i was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. a) in b) to c) at d) on 答案是d)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“當(dāng)他的信到的時(shí)候我正要打電話給他。” 注意事項(xiàng): 在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí),可用完成時(shí)。 例:don't worry, you won't miss her. she will be wearing a red t-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(別擔(dān)心,你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的t恤衫和一條白色的短裙。) 注意事項(xiàng):由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)融合在一起的,所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng),可參考'一般將來(lái)時(shí)'和'現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)'的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

11. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will have done)用法:表示從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間,但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)段一樣。其用法從和過(guò)去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān),變成了和將來(lái)及將來(lái)的將來(lái)有關(guān)。 例:1997年1月四級(jí)第22題 the conference __________ a full week by the time it ends. a) must have lasted b) will have lasted c) would last d) has lasted 本題考核謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。全句的意思是:“會(huì)議從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期?!本渲衎y the time it ends表示動(dòng)作要延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻,因此要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。答案是b) will have lasted。如果選a),因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞must后面接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)形式表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測(cè),而本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了時(shí)態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤。would雖可以表示推測(cè)或可能性,但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作,所以c) would last錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)閐) has lasted是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,不能表示延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作,所以也不正確。 注意事項(xiàng):由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)融合在一起的,所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng),可以參考“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”和“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

12)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):shall have been doing ,will have been doing 例:by the end of ne_t month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下個(gè)月底為止,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

13)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):had been doing 例:the old clock had been being taken apart of and fi_ed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before i came back home.(我回到家之前,我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個(gè)舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。)(此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。)(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

14) 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):should be doing , would be doing 例:the government promised that a new highway would be being built ne_t july.(政府說(shuō)第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間,所以用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。)(此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

15) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí):should have done , would have done 例:i believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but i was wrong.(我堅(jiān)信到那年年底為止,那個(gè)軟件的新版本將被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)。但是我錯(cuò)了。)(此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

16) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):should have been doing , would have been doing 例:they said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他們說(shuō)到第二個(gè)月底為止,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)

【第11篇 新概念英語(yǔ)(二)語(yǔ)法總結(jié):時(shí)態(tài)

導(dǎo)語(yǔ)新概念一共144課,其中單課為課文,雙課為語(yǔ)法和練習(xí)。整本書(shū)是以單數(shù)課為正課,并附帶有插圖而雙數(shù)課則是針對(duì)單數(shù)課所講的內(nèi)容有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行練習(xí),從此出展現(xiàn)出整個(gè)新概念一教材區(qū)別于其他教材的獨(dú)特之處。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

1 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

2 表示現(xiàn)階段正在做的事

3 表示將要做的事

結(jié)構(gòu):主 + am/is/are + doing

一般過(guò)去時(shí):過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + did

一般將來(lái)時(shí):表示對(duì)將來(lái)的打算

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + will/shall + do

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + have/has done

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + was/were + doing

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主+ will/shall + be doing

過(guò)去完成時(shí):表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)完成 (過(guò)去的過(guò)去,通常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)互為主從句)

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + had done

將來(lái)完成時(shí):表示到未來(lái)某一時(shí)間將已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + will/shall + have done

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響

結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + have/has + been doing

將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):表示狀況將一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話人所提及的時(shí)間

結(jié)構(gòu):主 + will have + been doing

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去更早的某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行,并對(duì)過(guò)去產(chǎn)生影響。

結(jié)構(gòu):主 + had + been doing

同學(xué)們請(qǐng)注意:以上是新二的時(shí)態(tài),基本上也是現(xiàn)階段能用得到的所有時(shí)態(tài)了。你只要套用這些時(shí)態(tài)造出句子,并且恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)出該時(shí)態(tài)的語(yǔ)氣,就已經(jīng)搞明白該時(shí)態(tài)的意義了。本篇是總概括,后期將會(huì)有對(duì)每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的詳細(xì)講解。請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注。

時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)(十一篇)

初高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的,習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;目前的狀態(tài),特征;普遍真理;有時(shí)可表將來(lái)。用法:a)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。b)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。c)經(jīng)常性…
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