語態(tài)總結(jié)（三篇）

【第1篇 2023高考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

2023高考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考英語測(cè)試的重中之重，一般占1—2道題。命題思路有三：一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語，考生能依據(jù)所給時(shí)間狀語作出選擇;二是給出時(shí)間狀語，但所給時(shí)間狀語有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語作出選擇，需要結(jié)合語境判斷;三是沒有任何時(shí)間狀語，需要借助于上下文語境，才能作出正確判斷。 考生應(yīng)熟知常用時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。高考題往往不會(huì)涉及單一的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，而是更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和呼應(yīng)及與語態(tài)的結(jié)合使用。所以解題時(shí)一定要結(jié)合語境，弄清時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系，可根據(jù)不同情況采取“找標(biāo)法”(尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞)、“呼應(yīng)法”(主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng))、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“語境法”等解題技巧。 一?識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞 如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語,則往往可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)? [例]①more than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year. a. sent b. were sentc. had sentd. had been sent [解析] 此題有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞last year,提示我們應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí);句中的主語students是被送的對(duì)象,應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)?答案為b? 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般都有其相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們熟記下列8種常用時(shí)態(tài)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語? (1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等? (2)一般過去時(shí):then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/ne_t few months等? (3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等? (4)過去進(jìn)行時(shí):then, at that time, at this time yesterday等? (5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一段時(shí)間, since + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間等? (6)過去完成時(shí):before, by the end of last month/years…等? (8)過去將來時(shí):the following month, the ne_t week等? [命題角度及對(duì)策]高考測(cè)試動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)須與句中時(shí)間狀語一致時(shí),常在題干中加入具體情景,以測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力?敏銳捕捉時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,并結(jié)合具體的語境,選擇出正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),是解決此類問題的良策? 二?主從時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng) 如果所給題干是主從復(fù)合句,可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出正確的時(shí)態(tài)? 命題角度及對(duì)策]近年來高考考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí),常放在真實(shí)的并且符合實(shí)際的語境中進(jìn)行考查?在根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時(shí),要把握好以下幾點(diǎn): (1)在時(shí)間?條件等狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí),一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來完成時(shí)? (2)正確認(rèn)定主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語境? (3)解答賓語從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài);主句動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))? 三?仔細(xì)體會(huì)語境 近年來高考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)考查的要求越來越高,大部分試題趨向情境化?實(shí)際化?因此,仔細(xì)體會(huì)所給語境,根據(jù)具體語境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)是考生需要重點(diǎn)解決的問題? 例：—do you think we should accept that offer? —yes，we should，for we______ such bad luck up till now，and time______ out. a. have had;is running b. had;is running c. have;has been run d. have had;has been run 答案解析 a。由時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞up till now知道，動(dòng)作是從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);而根據(jù)語境可知時(shí)間快要耗光了，所以第二空要用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。 —can you tell me the timetable of the__________school bus? —well, the bus__________here for the __________campus at 7:00 a.m.. a.will leave b.left c.is leaving d.leaves 答案解析 d?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)，“校班車的時(shí)間表”是規(guī)定好的事情，表示一般性動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 精選試題 模擬題及其答案 1. — what’s that terrible noise ? — the neighbors _____ for a party. a. have prepared b. are preparing c. prepare d. will prepare 2. now that she is out of a job, lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. a. had considered b. has been considering 3. the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _____ by 2023. 4. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly. a. is changing b. has changed c. will have changed d. will change 5. i _____ ping –pong quite well, but i haven’t had time to play since the new year. a. played b. will play c. have played d. play 6. visitors ______ not to touch the e_hibits. a. will request b. request c. are requesting d. are requested 7. john and i _____ friends for eight years. we first got to know each other at a christmas party. but we _____ each other a couple of times before that. a. had been; have seen b. have been; have seen c. had been; had seen d. have been; had seen 8. this is ted’s photo. we miss him a lot. he ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake. a. killed b. is killed c. was killed d. was killing 9. — how are the team playing ? — they are playing well, but one of them _____ hurt. a. got b. gets c. are d. were 10. — you haven’t said a word about my new coua, brenda. do you like it ? — i’m sorry, i _____ anything about it sooner. i certainly think it’s pretty on you. a. wasn’t saying b. don’t say c. won’t say d. didn’t say 11. i wonder why jenny ____ us recently. we should have heard from her by now. a. hasn’t written b. doesn’t write c. won’t write d. hadn’t written 12. my uncle ______ until he was forty –five. a. married b. didn’t marry c. was not marrying d. would marry — i will go to see you when you _____ the training course. a. will have finished b. will finish c. are finishing d. finish 14. — how long _____ at this job ? — since 1990 a. were you cmployed b. have you been employed c. had you been employed d. will you be employed 15. with the rapid growth of population, the city _____ in all directions in the past five years. a. spreads b. has spread c. spread d. had spread a. has been broken b. breaks c. broke d. was broken a. has grown b. is growing c. grew d. had grown 18. why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? it will _____ fresh for several days. a. be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. have stayed 19. — sorry, joe, i didn’t mean to — don’t call me “joe”. i’m mr parker to you, and _____ you forget it ! a. do b. didn’t c. did d. don’t 20. at this time tomorrow _____ over the atlantic. a. we’re going to fly b. we’ll be flying c. we’ll fly d. we’re to fly 21. the news came as no surprise to me. i _____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know 22. i thought jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. a. doesn’t mention b. hadn’t mentioned c. didn’t mention d. hasn’t mentioned 23. no one in the department but tom and i _____ that the director is going to resign. a. knows b. know c. have known d. am to know 24. although he has lived with us for years, he ______ us much impression. a. hadn’t left b. didn’t leave c. doesn’t leave d. hasn’t left 25. how can you possibly miss the news ? it _____ on tv all day long. a. has been b. bad been c. was d. will be 26. — sorry to have interrupted you. please go on. — where was i ? — you _____ you didn’t like your father’s job. a. had said b. said c. were saying d. had been saying 27. i arrived late; i _____ the road to be so iey. a. wouldn’t e_pect b. haven’t e_pected c. hadn’t e_pected d. wasn’t e_pecting 28. i ______ while reading the english te_tbook. luckily, my roommate woke me up in time ! a. had fallen asleep b. have fallen asleep c. fell asleep d. fall asleep 29. let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decisions. a. will never reach b. have never reached c. never reach d. never reached 30. my mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so i’m afraid i _____ half of it. a. was missing b. had missed c. will miss d. missed 答案與解析 1、b 根據(jù)題意先排除d 項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榛卮鸱揭f明書現(xiàn)在的情況;a項(xiàng)have prepare說明已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好，c項(xiàng)prepare是目前的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，b項(xiàng)瑞在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的示完性。因此b 項(xiàng)為答案。 2、b 句意：因?yàn)閘ucy失業(yè)了，所以她在考慮重返校園，但她現(xiàn)在還沒決定。根據(jù)題意說話者在說現(xiàn)在的情況，因此排除了a、c、d三項(xiàng)，b飛行員現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在的事，進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“考慮”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的“未完性”，所以是答案。 3、c 句意：北京市市長(zhǎng)說所有北京奧林區(qū)克建筑將于2023年完成。此題考查英語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)，很顯然本題應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此排除b、d根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語by2023，應(yīng)選擇將來完成時(shí)，因此選c。 4、a 題干中主句為selecting a mobile phone …is no easy task,謂語動(dòng)詞表示了一種“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(…is no easy task);后面的狀態(tài)從句(because…)中則說明原因?yàn)椤凹夹g(shù)更新變化迅速”，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(technology)is changing(so rapidly).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在此表示了一種“持續(xù)變化”的狀態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了“變化、趨勢(shì)、發(fā)展和進(jìn)展” 5、d 題干后的分句(but…)為轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，并在句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(i haven’t had time to play),表示自從new year以來一直沒有打過乒乓球，由此可以排除選項(xiàng)b(will play)、c(have played).由此推斷前一人句中所說狀態(tài)為“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，則空中應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)這一時(shí)間概念。 6、d 句意為：參觀者被要求不觸摸展品。所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式。 7、d第一空為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與一段時(shí)間狀語連用(for eight years);第二空：在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見過，上是“過去的過去”的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，幫選d。 8、c 從上下文可知，ted已經(jīng)死了，屬于過去發(fā)生的事情， 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞kill來講，應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選c 9、a 由題中所設(shè)語境可知，一句隊(duì)員受傷應(yīng)是過去的動(dòng)作，故選a。 10、d從對(duì)話題干所設(shè)語境看，此處談?wù)摰氖沁^去所沒有發(fā)生的事(you haven’t said a word…)此對(duì)話中，brenda 為自己沒能對(duì)朋友所穿新衣早加贊賞向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢?sooner(=at an earlier time)作為附加狀語傳達(dá)了十分重要的時(shí)間信息。 此處仍應(yīng)使用表示過去行為的簡(jiǎn)單過去時(shí)，與后面句子中的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(i certainly think…)形成對(duì)照。其余選項(xiàng)所給時(shí)態(tài)…h(huán)asn’t written us recently。 11、a 前句中recently與事句中動(dòng)詞民用的語氣為重要提示：we should have heard from her by now.=we haven,t heard from her by now此處討論最近該發(fā)生而沒發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：…h(huán)asn’t written us recently. 12、b marry是終止性動(dòng)詞，用在此not…until句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五歲才結(jié)婚?！? 13、d when從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式表將來時(shí)間。 14、b答語中的since1990是關(guān)鍵信息。 15、b 時(shí)間狀語in the past five years與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有關(guān)。 16、d圖書館的安靜被打破，故須用被動(dòng)語態(tài);情景中找不出與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，故a是錯(cuò)誤的。 17、c grow與as從句里的wait發(fā)生。 題干前半句為時(shí)間狀語，提供了極為重要的時(shí)間線索：all morning as she waited…，表示了過去的一段延續(xù)時(shí)間，本空之中動(dòng)詞所表示的行為(her nervousness “grow”)與此同時(shí)進(jìn)行。此處仍應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。 本題中與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相關(guān)的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)(a. has grown b is growing)很容易排除;d項(xiàng)(had grown)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)用于表示過去特定時(shí)間之前的行為，與語境不符，也可排除。 18、b stay這晨是系動(dòng)詞的用法，不用被動(dòng)形式。 根據(jù)本題設(shè)空之后所執(zhí)著續(xù)的形容詞fresh判斷，選項(xiàng)所給動(dòng)詞stay為系動(dòng)詞(=to continue or remain in a place ,position or condition——collins new english dictionary), 因此，很容易排除a項(xiàng)(系動(dòng)詞不可能使用權(quán)用被動(dòng)語態(tài));從句意看，說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh(why don’t you…?)，然后闡明依據(jù)(the meat will…)，應(yīng)該是stay 的一般形式，而不會(huì)是進(jìn)行式(c 項(xiàng)be staying)或完成式(d項(xiàng)have stayed)。 19、d注意mr parker 這里針對(duì)的是“sorry , joe”這件事，而不是“ i didn’t mean to…”那件事。而前者正是“此時(shí)此刻”發(fā)生的，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：你應(yīng)稱呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了吧!題干選材為大小對(duì)話形式，語境完整，前者向 joe道歉，后者(joe本人)拒不接受道歉，認(rèn)為稱呼自己為joe是：“套近乎”。提醒并警千對(duì)方，語氣非常嚴(yán)厲。 20、b at this time tomorrow 指明的是將來的某一具體時(shí)間，故用來將進(jìn)行時(shí)。 21、a 在the news came 之前我就已經(jīng)知道，故用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。 22、c but連接的并列句，時(shí)態(tài)與thought一致。 23、a句子的主語是no one,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù)。 24、d although從句中的has lived是非常重要的時(shí)間住處說話的人的意思是：雖然他與我們一起生活多年(從過去到現(xiàn)在)，但他沒有給我們留下多少印象。所以，這里使用c項(xiàng)是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹? 25、a根據(jù)can的形式(而不是could)可以判斷，這里并不是談?wù)摷兇獾倪^去或過去的過去，但顯然也不是將來時(shí)間。 26、c 語境中暗含著一個(gè)時(shí)間信息：當(dāng)我打斷你說話的時(shí)候。 27、c arrive是關(guān)鍵信息：(我在出發(fā)之前)沒有預(yù)料到路會(huì)這么滑。這里談?wù)摰娘@然是過去(started)的過去(had e_pected). 28、c根據(jù)woke(wake 的過去式)可以判斷，這里談?wù)摰呐c“現(xiàn)在”無關(guān)，因此可以排除b和d兩項(xiàng)。i是在讀書期間睡著的(while reading),而不是在之前睡著的，所以a項(xiàng)也是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹? 29、a 句意：請(qǐng)不要偏離話題，不然的話，我們就不會(huì)取勝得決定。祈使句與and 或or 連用是常見的說法，又如：turn left and you will find the bookstore.向左轉(zhuǎn)，你就會(huì)找到那個(gè)書店里。listen to me or you will never succeed.聽我的話，否則，你不會(huì)成功的。同時(shí)在談到will do和be going to do 表示將來的區(qū)別時(shí)，will表意愿和既時(shí)的將來，而后者表示計(jì)劃的或有跡象的將來。例如： give him the big apple or he oil not allow us to go with him. —i was going to ,but my wife returned. 30、d 句意：(當(dāng)時(shí))我并沒有注意他說的話，所以(現(xiàn)在)我覺得他講的話一半我沒有聽到。題干句中透圳出時(shí)間信息的三個(gè)地方：wasn’t ,was saying和i’m afraid是做出選擇的重要依據(jù)。

【第2篇 2023中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法

一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下表（以動(dòng)詞do為例）：

時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 例句

主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/does am/is/are+done we clean the classroom.． the classroom is cleaned by us．

一般過去時(shí) did was/were+done he made the kite． the kite was made by him．

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being done she is watering flowers． flower are being watered by her ．

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has+done have/has+been done jim has finished the work． the work has been finished by jim．

一般將來時(shí) will/shall/be going to+do will/shall/be going to+be done they will plant trees tomorrow． trees will be planted by them tomorrow．

過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were+doing was/were+being done she was writing a letter this time yesterday． a letter was being written by her this time yesterday．

過去完成時(shí) had+done had+been done jim had finished the work． the work had been finished．

過去將來時(shí) would/should/be going to+do would/should/be going to+be done he said he would make a kite． he said a kite would be made by him．

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/may/must+do can/may/must+be done i can find him． he can be found by me．

一．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況：

（1）不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：this watch is made in china．更多資料qq378459309制作：

（2）沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：more trees must be planted every year．。

（3）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如：chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world．

（4）句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：many houses were washed away by the food．

二、主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換

1．主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)

（1）要將主動(dòng)句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓語變成主格。

（2）把主動(dòng)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語，主格變成賓格，并用by引導(dǎo)。

（3）謂語動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)： 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作承受者

被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 動(dòng)作承受者+謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者

如：we asked him to sing an english song．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) →he was asked to sing an english song by us．

2．帶雙賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)

謂語動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語。若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，則保留直接賓語；若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for。如：she gave me a book．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) →i was given a book by her．(間接賓語me改為了主語)

a book was given to me by her．(直接賓語a book 改為了主語)

3．動(dòng)詞短語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)

許多由動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。如：we should speak to old men politely．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài))

old men should be spoken to politely．(to不可省略)

4．帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)

賓語加上賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在原處，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。如：i heard jane playing the piano in her room．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) →jane was heard playing the piano in her room．

5．變被動(dòng)語態(tài)后動(dòng)詞形式的選擇

主動(dòng)句中在感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役動(dòng)詞let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。如：he makes the girl stay at home．（變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)）→the girl is made to stay at home by him．

【第3篇 初三英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)

主動(dòng)語態(tài)(the active voice)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)(the passive voice)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 構(gòu)成：承受者+助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：承受者+助動(dòng)詞am / is/are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者

一般過去時(shí)：承受者+助動(dòng)詞was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者 承受者+助動(dòng)詞shall / will be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者 承受者+助動(dòng)詞 have/ has been+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者 承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者 被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法：

1)當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或者沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 2)當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

3)如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者, 用by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有以下幾種情況： 1)主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語

將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。 (主動(dòng))we bought a book yesterday. (被動(dòng))the book was bought yesterday. 2)主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

將主動(dòng)語態(tài)中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。多數(shù)情況下將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。 (主動(dòng))he showed me a book yesterday. (被動(dòng))i was showed a book yesterday. (被動(dòng))the book was showed to me yesterday. 3)主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語

含有一個(gè)由賓語加賓語補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不變，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。 (主動(dòng))i found him a good pupil. (賓語補(bǔ)足語) (被動(dòng))he was found a good pupil. (主語補(bǔ)足語) 4)短語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)

有些短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，其后可以接賓語，因此它們也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但短語動(dòng)詞是不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不可去掉其后面的介詞或副詞。 (主動(dòng))we should look after the patients very well.

(被動(dòng))the patients should be looked after very well by us. 5)賓語從句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)

若主動(dòng)語態(tài)中是賓語從句，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。 it’s said that he passed the e_am. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)特殊問題：

(1)不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，仍然要帶上介詞。 (主動(dòng))the students in class listen to the teacher carefully. (被動(dòng))the teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.

(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”。

(主動(dòng))they make do all the work. (被動(dòng))we were made to do all the work. (主動(dòng))we often hear her sing english songs. (被動(dòng))she is often heard to sing english songs. (主動(dòng))i see him walk to school. (被動(dòng))he is seen to walk to school.